\u30b3\u30e9\u30e0<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u30b0\u30ec\u30a4\u30f4\u30b9\u30fb\u30da\u30f3\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9<\/a><\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/buddha.sub.jp\/img\/Wilder_Penfield.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n\u305d\u306e\u7d4c\u6b74\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u8133\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8133\u5916\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u591a\u5927\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3066\u3093\u304b\u3093\u306e\u5916\u79d1\u6cbb\u7642\u306e\u5148\u99c6\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u8133\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u6642\u306b\u5168\u8eab\u9ebb\u9154\u3092\u884c\u308f\u305a\u3001\u5207\u958b\u90e8\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u9ebb\u9154\u3067\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8133\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306f\u75db\u307f\u3092\u542b\u3080\u611f\u899a\u53d7\u5bb9\u4f53\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8853\u5f0f\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8853\u5f0f\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3068\u624b\u8853\u4e2d\u3082\u60a3\u8005\u306b\u610f\u8b58\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5927\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u523a\u6fc0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8133\u5c40\u6240\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u540c\u5b9a\u3092\u884c\u306a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u75be\u60a3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8133\u9818\u57df\u306e\u5207\u9664\u90e8\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6a5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u3059\u3079\u304d\u5927\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u9818\u57df\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u9ebb\u9154\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8133\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u3082\u5168\u8eab\u9ebb\u9154\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8853\u5f0f\u306f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u9ebb\u9154\u5168\u822c\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5411\u4e0a\u306b\u3068\u3082\u306a\u3063\u3066\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3057\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8133\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u3053\u3073\u3068<\/p>\n
![](\"http:\/\/buddha.sub.jp\/img\/3g-2.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\n\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u8133\u795e\u7d4c\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u306e\u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u30b0\u30ec\u30a4\u30f4\u30b9\u30fb\u30da\u30f3\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u535a\u58eb\uff081891-1976\uff09\u306f\u3001\u3066\u3093\u304b\u3093\u60a3\u8005\u3092\u6cbb\u7642\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u8133\u304c\u4f53\u3092\u77e5\u899a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8133\u534a\u7403\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306b\u306f2\u3064\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u30da\u30f3\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff09
\n1\u3064\u306f\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u52d5\u304d\u3092\u64cd\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u5834\u6240\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3082\u30461\u3064\u306f\u611f\u899a\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u3067\u3001\u4f53\u306e\u611f\u899a\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u6240\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5de6\u56f3\u306e\u5c0f\u4eba\uff08\u30db\u30e0\u30f3\u30af\u30eb\u30b9\uff09\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u3092\u7acb\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u5f62\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u56f3\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8133\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f53\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u304c\u898b\u3048\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8133\u304b\u3089\u76f4\u63a5\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u7279\u5225\u306a12\u5bfe\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u76ee\u3001\u8033\u3001\u9f3b\u3001\u53e3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u611f\u899a\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3084\u3001\u982d\u3084\u5589\u306e\u7b4b\u8089\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5fc3\u81d3\u3084\u80ba\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u81d3\u5668\u3084\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u817a\u3078\u4f9b\u7d66\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/p>\n
![](\"http:\/\/buddha.sub.jp\/img\/96781.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/p>\n
\n- \u5831\u916c\u7cfb\uff08\u307b\u3046\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3051\u3044\u3001\u82f1: reward system\uff09\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30d2\u30c8\u30fb\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u8133\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6b32\u6c42\u304c\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u306b\u5feb\u306e\u611f\u899a\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u795e\u7d4c\u7cfb\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002
\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3044\u3046\u6b32\u6c42\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5589\u306e\u6e07\u304d\u30fb\u98df\u6b32\u30fb\u4f53\u6e29\u8abf\u6574\u6b32\u6c42\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u3067\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u306b\u8a89\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u30fb\u611b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u30fb\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u990a\u80b2\u306a\u3069\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u6b21\u3067\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u30fb\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u307e\u3067\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u3001\u30d2\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3080\u3057\u308d\u5f8c\u8005\u306e\u6b32\u6c42\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002
\n\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u306f\u4e2d\u8133\u306e\u8179\u5074\u88ab\u84cb\u91ce\u304b\u3089\u5927\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u306b\u6295\u5c04\u3059\u308b\u30c9\u30fc\u30d1\u30df\u30f3\u795e\u7d4c\u7cfb\uff08\u5225\u540dA10\u795e\u7d4c\u7cfb\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u899a\u9192\u5264\u3084\u30b3\u30ab\u30a4\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u85ac\u5264\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30fc\u30d1\u30df\u30f3\u8ce6\u6d3b\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3082\u652f\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e2d\u8133\u306b\u96fb\u6975\u3092\u633f\u5165\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u304c\u30dc\u30bf\u30f3\u3092\u62bc\u3059\u3068\u96fb\u6d41\u304c\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u88c5\u7f6e\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3068\u3081\u3069\u306a\u304f\u62bc\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002
\n\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u74b0\u5883\u3078\u306e\u9069\u5fdc\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u6211\u3005\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u3089\u30dc\u30fc\u30ca\u30b9\u304c\u3082\u3089\u3048\u308b\u300d\u306a\u3069\u3068\u3001\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u5831\u916c\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u75b2\u52b4\u3084\u7a7a\u8179\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u6b32\u6c42\u3092\u6291\u3048\u3066\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5f53\u3066\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30dc\u30fc\u30ca\u30b9\u304c\u30ab\u30c3\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u304c\u6291\u5236\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e0d\u5feb\u3055\u3092\u611f\u3058\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u795e\u7d4c\u7cfb\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u304c\u3001\u5927\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u306e\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u8a89\u3081\u3066\u80b2\u3066\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a00\u3044\u5f97\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002
\n\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u6b32\u6c42\u304c\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5831\u916c\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u3066\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642\u306b\u3082\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5589\u304c\u6e07\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30d2\u30c8\u304c\u6c34\u3092\u98f2\u3093\u3060\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8133\u5185\u3067\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3057\u5feb\u306e\u611f\u899a\u3092\u611f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30d2\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u6b69\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9014\u4e2d\u306b\u81ea\u52d5\u8ca9\u58f2\u6a5f\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u6c34\u5206\u304c\u98f2\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5f53\u7136\u63a8\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u898b\u3064\u3051\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u30b7\u30e5\u30eb\u30c4\u3089\uff081993\uff09\u304c\u30b5\u30eb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u8996\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u3092\u5448\u793a\u3057\u3066\u6570\u79d2\u5f8c\u306b\u30a8\u30b5\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u88c5\u7f6e\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u30b5\u30eb\u3092\u305d\u308c\u306b\u99b4\u308c\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u540c\u6642\u306b\u4e2d\u8133\u306e\u30c9\u30fc\u30d1\u30df\u30f3\u7cfb\u7d30\u80de\u306b\u96fb\u6975\u3092\u633f\u5165\u3057\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u8a18\u9332\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u521d\u671f\u306b\u306f\u30a8\u30b5\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u7d30\u80de\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u99b4\u308c\u3066\u6765\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8996\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u304c\u5448\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u795e\u7d4c\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n - \u5909\u6027\u610f\u8b58\u72b6\u614b<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Brain and reward system<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
column<\/p>\n
Wilder Penfield<\/p>\n
Through his career, he has made a great contribution not only to the development of neurosurgery, which is the basis of today’s brain science, but also to the development of neuroscience to this day. He was a pioneer in the surgical treatment of epilepsy and did not undergo general anesthesia during brain surgery, but with local anesthesia at the incision. Such a procedure is possible because the brain itself does not have sensory receptors including pain. Since the patient is conscious during surgery using this procedure, it is possible to identify the function of the local brain by electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex, and the function should be preserved when determining the excision site of the diseased brain region. It has become possible to determine the area of \u200b\u200bthe cerebral cortex. Since brain surgery is now performed with general anesthesia in order to prioritize the safety of anesthesia worldwide, such surgical procedures are rarely performed, but recently it has improved the safety of anesthesia in general. It has been resurrected with it.<\/p>\n
Dwarf in the brain<\/p>\n
Dr. Wilder Graves Penfield (1891-1976), an American neurosurgeon, conducted research to better understand how the brain perceives the body while treating patients with epilepsy. Each of the hemispheres has two maps (also known as Penfield’s maps).
\nOne is the map of movement, where we manipulate our movements. The other is the sensory map, where the sensory information of the body is processed. The dwarf (homunculus) in the figure on the left is a three-dimensional doll of the map. Looking at the figure, you can see how the brain looks at the body.<\/p>\n
There are 12 pairs of special nerves that come directly from the brain. Some of these convey sensory information from the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, and others control the muscles of the head and throat. Some supply important organs such as the heart and lungs and various glands.<\/p>\n
The reward system is a nerve that activates in the human \/ animal brain when a desire is satisfied or is found to be satisfied, and gives the individual a sense of pleasure. It is a system.
\nThe desires here are from biological and short-term ones such as thirst, appetite, and desire to regulate body temperature, to higher and social ones such as being praised by others, being loved, and raising children. Even long-term ones are included. Cognitive psychologists argue that in humans, the latter desire plays a more important role in behavioral decisions.
\nIn mammals, the reward system is said to be the dopamine nervous system (also known as the A10 nervous system), which projects from the ventral tegmental area of \u200b\u200bthe midbrain to the cerebral cortex. This is also supported by the fact that most of the addictive drugs such as stimulants and cocaine have a dopamine-activating effect. There is also a report that if an electrode is inserted into the midbrain in an animal and a device is created in which an electric current flows when the individual presses a button, the electrode is continuously pressed.
\nThe function of the reward system plays an important role in learning and adaptation to the environment. For example, we can prioritize work by suppressing short-term desires such as fatigue and hunger by predicting long-term rewards, such as “you will get a bonus when you complete this work.” However, when the bonus that was relied on is cut, the reward system is suppressed and it makes me feel uncomfortable. There is also a report that the function of the reward system nervous system affects the plasticity of the cerebral cortex, and the reward system is also important in learning. The word “praise and grow” can say this.
\nThe reward system is activated not only when the desire is satisfied, but also when the person is acting in the hope of getting a reward. For example, when a thirsty person drinks water, the reward system is activated in the brain and a feeling of pleasure is felt. However, if a human finds a vending machine while walking, it can be inferred that he \/ she can drink water at that point, so the reward system is activated at the time of finding it. Schultz et al. (1993) conducted a similar experiment in monkeys. They created a device that presents a visual stimulus and feeds a few seconds later, accustoming the monkeys to it. At the same time, when electrodes were inserted into dopaminergic cells in the midbrain and activity was recorded, the cells were activated when food came out at the beginning of the experiment, but as they became accustomed to the experiment, visual stimulation was presented. At that time, neural activity was activated.
\nAltered state of consciousness<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u8133\u3068\u5831\u916c\u7cfb \u30b3\u30e9\u30e0 \u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u30b0\u30ec\u30a4\u30f4\u30b9\u30fb\u30da\u30f3\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9 \u305d\u306e\u7d4c\u6b74\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u8133\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8133\u5916\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u591a\u5927\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3066\u3093\u304b\u3093\u306e\u5916\u79d1\u6cbb\u7642\u306e\u5148\u99c6\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8188"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8188"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8199,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8188\/revisions\/8199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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He was a pioneer in the surgical treatment of epilepsy and did not undergo general anesthesia during brain surgery, but with local anesthesia at the incision. Such a procedure is possible because the brain itself does not have sensory receptors including pain. Since the patient is conscious during surgery using this procedure, it is possible to identify the function of the local brain by electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex, and the function should be preserved when determining the excision site of the diseased brain region. It has become possible to determine the area of \u200b\u200bthe cerebral cortex. Since brain surgery is now performed with general anesthesia in order to prioritize the safety of anesthesia worldwide, such surgical procedures are rarely performed, but recently it has improved the safety of anesthesia in general. It has been resurrected with it.<\/p>\n Dwarf in the brain<\/p>\n Dr. Wilder Graves Penfield (1891-1976), an American neurosurgeon, conducted research to better understand how the brain perceives the body while treating patients with epilepsy. Each of the hemispheres has two maps (also known as Penfield’s maps). There are 12 pairs of special nerves that come directly from the brain. Some of these convey sensory information from the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, and others control the muscles of the head and throat. Some supply important organs such as the heart and lungs and various glands.<\/p>\n The reward system is a nerve that activates in the human \/ animal brain when a desire is satisfied or is found to be satisfied, and gives the individual a sense of pleasure. It is a system. \u8133\u3068\u5831\u916c\u7cfb \u30b3\u30e9\u30e0 \u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u30b0\u30ec\u30a4\u30f4\u30b9\u30fb\u30da\u30f3\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9 \u305d\u306e\u7d4c\u6b74\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u8133\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8133\u5916\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u591a\u5927\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3066\u3093\u304b\u3093\u306e\u5916\u79d1\u6cbb\u7642\u306e\u5148\u99c6\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8188"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8188"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8199,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8188\/revisions\/8199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cyber-price.com\/buddha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
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\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3044\u3046\u6b32\u6c42\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5589\u306e\u6e07\u304d\u30fb\u98df\u6b32\u30fb\u4f53\u6e29\u8abf\u6574\u6b32\u6c42\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u3067\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u306b\u8a89\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u30fb\u611b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u30fb\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u990a\u80b2\u306a\u3069\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u6b21\u3067\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u30fb\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u307e\u3067\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u3001\u30d2\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3080\u3057\u308d\u5f8c\u8005\u306e\u6b32\u6c42\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002
\n\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u306f\u4e2d\u8133\u306e\u8179\u5074\u88ab\u84cb\u91ce\u304b\u3089\u5927\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u306b\u6295\u5c04\u3059\u308b\u30c9\u30fc\u30d1\u30df\u30f3\u795e\u7d4c\u7cfb\uff08\u5225\u540dA10\u795e\u7d4c\u7cfb\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u899a\u9192\u5264\u3084\u30b3\u30ab\u30a4\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u85ac\u5264\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30fc\u30d1\u30df\u30f3\u8ce6\u6d3b\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3082\u652f\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e2d\u8133\u306b\u96fb\u6975\u3092\u633f\u5165\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u304c\u30dc\u30bf\u30f3\u3092\u62bc\u3059\u3068\u96fb\u6d41\u304c\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u88c5\u7f6e\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3068\u3081\u3069\u306a\u304f\u62bc\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002
\n\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u74b0\u5883\u3078\u306e\u9069\u5fdc\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u6211\u3005\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u3089\u30dc\u30fc\u30ca\u30b9\u304c\u3082\u3089\u3048\u308b\u300d\u306a\u3069\u3068\u3001\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u5831\u916c\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u75b2\u52b4\u3084\u7a7a\u8179\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u6b32\u6c42\u3092\u6291\u3048\u3066\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5f53\u3066\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30dc\u30fc\u30ca\u30b9\u304c\u30ab\u30c3\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u304c\u6291\u5236\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e0d\u5feb\u3055\u3092\u611f\u3058\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u795e\u7d4c\u7cfb\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u304c\u3001\u5927\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u306e\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u8a89\u3081\u3066\u80b2\u3066\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a00\u3044\u5f97\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002
\n\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u6b32\u6c42\u304c\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5831\u916c\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u3066\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642\u306b\u3082\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5589\u304c\u6e07\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30d2\u30c8\u304c\u6c34\u3092\u98f2\u3093\u3060\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8133\u5185\u3067\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3057\u5feb\u306e\u611f\u899a\u3092\u611f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30d2\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u6b69\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9014\u4e2d\u306b\u81ea\u52d5\u8ca9\u58f2\u6a5f\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u6c34\u5206\u304c\u98f2\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5f53\u7136\u63a8\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u898b\u3064\u3051\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u5831\u916c\u7cfb\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u30b7\u30e5\u30eb\u30c4\u3089\uff081993\uff09\u304c\u30b5\u30eb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u8996\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u3092\u5448\u793a\u3057\u3066\u6570\u79d2\u5f8c\u306b\u30a8\u30b5\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u88c5\u7f6e\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u30b5\u30eb\u3092\u305d\u308c\u306b\u99b4\u308c\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u540c\u6642\u306b\u4e2d\u8133\u306e\u30c9\u30fc\u30d1\u30df\u30f3\u7cfb\u7d30\u80de\u306b\u96fb\u6975\u3092\u633f\u5165\u3057\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u8a18\u9332\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u521d\u671f\u306b\u306f\u30a8\u30b5\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u7d30\u80de\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u99b4\u308c\u3066\u6765\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8996\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u304c\u5448\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u795e\u7d4c\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n
\nOne is the map of movement, where we manipulate our movements. The other is the sensory map, where the sensory information of the body is processed. The dwarf (homunculus) in the figure on the left is a three-dimensional doll of the map. Looking at the figure, you can see how the brain looks at the body.<\/p>\n
\nThe desires here are from biological and short-term ones such as thirst, appetite, and desire to regulate body temperature, to higher and social ones such as being praised by others, being loved, and raising children. Even long-term ones are included. Cognitive psychologists argue that in humans, the latter desire plays a more important role in behavioral decisions.
\nIn mammals, the reward system is said to be the dopamine nervous system (also known as the A10 nervous system), which projects from the ventral tegmental area of \u200b\u200bthe midbrain to the cerebral cortex. This is also supported by the fact that most of the addictive drugs such as stimulants and cocaine have a dopamine-activating effect. There is also a report that if an electrode is inserted into the midbrain in an animal and a device is created in which an electric current flows when the individual presses a button, the electrode is continuously pressed.
\nThe function of the reward system plays an important role in learning and adaptation to the environment. For example, we can prioritize work by suppressing short-term desires such as fatigue and hunger by predicting long-term rewards, such as “you will get a bonus when you complete this work.” However, when the bonus that was relied on is cut, the reward system is suppressed and it makes me feel uncomfortable. There is also a report that the function of the reward system nervous system affects the plasticity of the cerebral cortex, and the reward system is also important in learning. The word “praise and grow” can say this.
\nThe reward system is activated not only when the desire is satisfied, but also when the person is acting in the hope of getting a reward. For example, when a thirsty person drinks water, the reward system is activated in the brain and a feeling of pleasure is felt. However, if a human finds a vending machine while walking, it can be inferred that he \/ she can drink water at that point, so the reward system is activated at the time of finding it. Schultz et al. (1993) conducted a similar experiment in monkeys. They created a device that presents a visual stimulus and feeds a few seconds later, accustoming the monkeys to it. At the same time, when electrodes were inserted into dopaminergic cells in the midbrain and activity was recorded, the cells were activated when food came out at the beginning of the experiment, but as they became accustomed to the experiment, visual stimulation was presented. At that time, neural activity was activated.
\nAltered state of consciousness<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"